DRUGS USED IN ACUTE CARE

• I. Drugs used to manage cardiovascular function
•     A. Drugs used in shock
•         1. Sympathomimetic drugs
•             a. epinephrine
•     B. Drugs used in congestive heart failure
•         1. Sympathomimetic drugs
•         2. Cardiotonic agents
•             a. cardiac glycosides
•                 1) digoxin (Lanoxin)
•             b. bipyridines
•             c. glucagon
•         3. Preload reducing agents
•             a. diuretics
•             b. nitrates
•                 1) nitroprusside (Nipride)
•         4. Afterload reducing agents
•             a. angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
•             b. direct-acting vasodilators
•                 1) hydralazine (Apresoline)
•     C. Drugs used to treat hypertension
•         1. Drugs affecting the sympathetic nervous system
•         2. Direct-acting vasodilators
•         3. Drugs with other actions
•     D. Drugs used in hypertensive emergencies
•         1. Parenteral nitrates
•             a. parenteral nitroprusside (Nipride)
•             b. parenteral nitroglycerin
•         2. Parenteral vasodilator drugs
•             a. parenteral diazoxide
•             b. parenteral hydralazine (Apresoline)
•         3. Parenteral alpha-adrenergic blocking agents
•             a. phenoxybenzamine
•             b. phentolamine (Regitine)
•         4. Parenteral beta-adrenergic blockers
•             a. parenteral labetalol
•             b. parenteral propranolol (Inderal)
•             c. parenteral esmolol (Brevibloc)
•         5. Calcium channel blockers
•             a. sublingual nifedipine
•             b. parenteral nicardipine
•         6. Parenteral sympatholytics
•             a. parenteral methyldopa (Aldomet)
•             b. trimethaphan
•         7. Parenteral angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
•             a. enalapril (Vasotec)
•     E. Drugs used in coronary artery disease
•         1. Drugs to increase coronary artery perfusion
•             a. nitrates
•             b. calcium channel blockers
•         2. Drugs to decrease myocardial work load
•             a. beta-adrenergic receptor blockers
•             b. calcium channel blockers
•             c. nitrates
•         3. Drugs used to alter thrombus formation
•             a. antiplatelet drugs
•                 1) acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)
•                 2) dipyridamole (Persantine)
•             b. thrombolytic agents
•                 1) streptokinase (Streptase)
•                 2) urokinase (Abbokinase)
•                 3) alteplase (Activasert-PA)
•             c. parenteral anticoagulants
•                 1) heparin
•     F. Drugs used to treat arrhythmias
•         1. Class I: sodium channel blocking drugs
•             a. quinidine (Quinaglute)
•             b. lidocaine (Xylocaine)
•             c. flecainide (Tambocor)
•         2. Class II: beta-adrenergic receptor blockers
•             a. propranolol (Inderal)
•         3. Class III: potassium channel modulating agents
•             a. bretylium (Bretylol)
•         4. Class IV: calcium channel blockers
•             a. verapamil (Calan)
•         5. other

• II. Drugs used to manage respiratory function
•     A. Drugs used in bronchoconstrictive disorders
•         1. Bronchodilators
•             a. sympathomimetics, beta-2-agonists
•                 1) albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
•             b. anticholinergic agents
•                 1) ipratropium (Atrovent)
•             c. methylxanthines
•                 1) theophylline ethylenediamine (Aminophylline)
•         2. Glucocorticoids
•     B. Drugs used in ventilator support
•         1. Neuromuscular blocking agents
•         2. Benzodiazepines
•         3. Phenothiazines and related neuroleptics
•     C. Drugs used in pulmonary embolic disease
•         1. Parenteral anticoagulants
•         2. Thrombolytic agents

• III. Parenteral drugs used to manage neuropsychiatric dysfunction
•     A. Drugs used in seizure disorders
•         1. Hydantoins
•             a. diphyenylhydantoin (Dilantin)
•         2. Benzodiazepines
•             a. diazepam (Valium)
•             b. lorazepam (Ativan)
•             c. midazolam (Versed)
•         3. Barbiturates
•             a. phenobarbital (Luminal)
•         4. Other anticonvulsant agents
•             a. magnesium sulfate
•             b. paraldehyde (Paral)
•     B. Drugs used to manage increased intracranial pressure
•         1. Glucocorticoids
•             a. dexamethasone (Decadron)
•             b. hydrocortisone (Solucortef)
•             c. methylprednisolone (Solumedrol)
•         2. Mannitol
•     C. Drugs used to treat mental status changes
•         1. Benzodiazepines
•             a. chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
•         2. Phenothiazines and related neuroleptic agents
•             a. droperidol (Inapsine)
•             b. haloperidol (Haldol)

• IV. Parenteral drugs used to treat common nosocomial infections
•     A. Drugs used in bacterial nosocomial infections
•         1. Antibiotics for nosocomial gram-positive infections
•             a. ampicillin (Unasyn)
•             b. vancomycin (Vancocin)
•         2. Antibiotics for nosocomial gram-negative infections
•             a. gentamycin (Garamycin)
•             b. ceftazidime (Fortaz)
•             c. ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
•     B. Drugs used for other nosocomial infections
•         1. Antifungal agents
•             a. amphotericin B (Fungizone)
•             b. fluconazole (Diflucan)

• V. Drugs used after organ transplantation
•     A. Drugs used for immunosuppression
•         1. Cytotoxic drugs
•             a. azathiopine (Imuran)
•             b. cyclosphosphamide (Cytoxan)
•         2. T-helper cell suppressors
•             a. cyclosporine (Sandimmune)
•             b. FK506
•         3. Glucocorticoids
•             a. Prednisone
•     B. Selected drugs used to prevent/treat secondary infections
•         1. Antibacterial: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
•         2. Antigunfal: clotrimazole
•         3. Antiviral: ganciclovir, acyclovir

• VI. Parenteral drugs used for supportive care
•     A. Drugs used for sedation and sleep
•         1. Benaodiazepines
•         2. Phenothiazines and related neuroleptic agents
•     B. Anesthetic drugs for special procedures
•         1. Barbiturates
•         2. Parenteral anesthetic agents
•         3. Opioids
•     C. Analgesics
•         1. Opioids
•             a. morphine
•         2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
•             a. ketorolac (Toradol)
•     D. Drugs used to control gastrointestinal function
•         1. Parenteral antiemetic and prokinetic agents
•             a. metoclopramide (Reglan)
•             b. ondansetron (Zofran)
•             c. chlorperazine (Compazine)
•         2. Parenteral antihistamines, H-2 blockers
•             a. cimetidine (Tagamet)
•             b. famotidine (Pepcid)
•             c. ranitidine (Zantac)
•     E. Drugs used to treat acute hypersensitivity reactions
•         1. Parenteral antihistamines, H-1 blockers
•             a. diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
•             b. Glucocorticoids

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