Table 1. Selected Technological Developments and Per Capita GNP for Selected Countries 1820-1998 and Contribution of Technologies to U. S. GNP in 1996 |
|||||||||||||
|
|
Approximate
Contribution and percent of total to GNP of USA in 1996 (in Billions)** |
283.2 (4.2%) |
1316.0 (19.4% |
695.3 (10.2%) |
455.5 (6.7%) |
270.0
(apx) (4.0%) |
459.1 (6.8%) |
130.4 (1.9%) |
|
|
|||
|
|
Per Capita GNP by Country*** |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
Year |
USA |
UK |
France |
Germany |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1998 |
$27331 |
18714 |
19558 |
17779 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Computerization
of the workplace |
|
|
‘Smart’
bombs |
Genetic
manipulation |
Genetically
engineered crops |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Offshore
Assembly plants |
Personal
Computer |
|
|
Advanced
reproductive technologies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1973 |
16689 |
12022 |
13123 |
11966 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Space
Travel |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nuclear |
|
|
|
ICBMs |
Transplant
surgery |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Jet
travel |
|
|
“Green”
revolution |
|
|
|
1950 |
9561 |
6907 |
5270 |
3881 |
|
|
|
|
Nuclear
weapons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rockets |
Penicillin |
Insecticides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Television |
|
Airplanes |
|
Herbicides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tanks |
|
|
|
|
|
1913 |
5301 |
4921 |
3485 |
3648 |
|
Fordism |
Radio |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Electricity |
Taylorism |
Wireless |
Airplane |
|
Purification
of water supplies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Phonograph |
Automobile |
Maxim
rifle |
x-rays |
Tractor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telephone |
|
Submarine |
|
|
|
|
|
1870 |
2445 |
3191 |
1876 |
1821 |
Oil |
|
|
|
Iron-clad
ships |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Telegraph |
|
|
|
Norfolk-four-course
rotation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Railroad |
|
|
Steam-driven
threshing |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Factory
Production |
|
|
|
|
McCormick
reaper |
|
|
|
1820 |
1257 |
1707 |
1230 |
1117 |
Steam |
Mass
production |
|
|
Mass
production of weapons |
|
|
|
|
|
Technology Category |
Energy
|
Manufacturing
(organization of work) |
Communication |
Travel |
Military |
Medicine |
Agriculture,
forestry and fishing |
||||||
|
*
This does not imply a causal relationship between technology and economic
growth, but, rather, that the two are interrelated. ***
Source: Maddison 2001 |
|||||||||||||