|
|
|
GEL113 Homework 5 Evolution notes and Lecture notes Part I. Multiple choice: 1) _____ In cladistics, what is used to establish evolutionary relationships? a) shared evolutionary novelties b) superposition of characters c) relative age of fossils d) theoretical connections 2)_____A recessive trait is one which a) only appears in the phenotype if the individual is homozygous b) is an example of a lethal mutation c) is part of the DNA double chain d) will become dominant due to stabilizing adaptive pressure 3)_____ The physical features of an animal are collectively referred to as its a) genotype c) chromosomes b) phenotype d) none of the above e) all of the above 4)_____ An aspect of an organism's environment - either physical or biological - which affects individuals to differing degrees based upon their physical characteristics and may directly cause some members of a population to survive while other do not is called a(n) a) adaptive pressure b) evolutionary convergence c) mutation d) none of the above 5) _____ A lethal recessive trait a) will disappear quickly from a population since all individuals having this trait will die before reproducing b) will rapidly mutate into a desirable trait c) will stay in the population indefinitely since heterozygous individuals will not be affected by it d) is a form of stabilizing adaptive pressure 6) _____ Ostrom's major contribution to our understanding of dinosaurs is a) the proper placement of the thumb spike on Iguanodon b) the recognition that Brontosaurus and Apatosaurus were the same animal c) the discovery that Pteronodon was not a dinosaur d) the recognition that Deinonychus was a fast, agile and possibly pack hunting animal. 7) _____ The biggest problem in cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships among animals is a) the poor fossil record c) convergence of characters b) the lack of primitive characteristics d) rapidly mutating evolutionary novelties Part II. True or False Questions: 1) _____ Charles Darwin explained genetics as the means of evolution in "On the Origin of Species". 2) _____ Radioactive decay occurs when elements lose electrons from their electron clouds. 3) _____ In natural selection, while survival is obviously important, the main goal is to reproduce. 4) _____ One major reason complete fossils skeletons are rare is that scavengers tear the carcasses apart and spread the bones over wide areas. 5) _____ The Scientific Method requires that scientists carefully describe their procedures so other scientists can repeat their experiments. 6) _____ The Principle of Parsimony is the basis for analyzing genetic probabilities.
Short answer questions. Answer each question thoroughly. 1) What is the current biological definition of species?
2) Name five types of fossil evidence that give us information about dinosaurs.
3) Using the figure from the Evolution notes, explain how natural selection works.
|